Adam Smith’ten John Stuart Mill’e: Klasik İktisatta Denge Arayışı
Özet
Giriş: Bu çalışma, Klasik İktisatta denge kavramının Adam Smith’ten John Stuart Mill’e uzanan süreçte nasıl şekillendiğini incelemektedir. Bu konu; piyasa rekabeti, üretim ve bölüşüm üzerine kurulan temel fikirlerin günümüz iktisadî teorileri ve politikaları için hâlâ yol gösterici olması bakımından önemlidir.
Yöntem: Çalışmada, literatür taraması ve teorik analiz yöntemine dayalı olarak yürütülmüş; Klasik İktisatçıların eserlerinin yanı sıra bu iktisatçıların çalışmaları ve düşünceleriyle ilgili akademik çalışmalar ve yorumlar kullanılmıştır.
Sonuçlar ya da Bulgular: Yapılan analiz, Smith ve Say’in piyasa mekanizmasına duydukları güvenin, Malthus ve Ricardo’nun işaret ettiği potansiyel dengesizlikler ve durağan durum teziyle önemli ölçüde sınırlandığını ortaya koymuştur. Mill’in yaklaşımı, ekonominin uzun dönem dengesinin hem gelir dağılımı hem de toplumsal normlar tarafından etkilendiğini ve kısa dönemde ise piyasa aktörlerinin yanlış öngörüye ya da bilgiye dayalı eylemlerinin dengesizlikle sonuçlanabileceğini göstermiştir.
Tartışma ya da Yapılan Çıkarımlar: Sonuçlar, Klasik İktisadın kendi içinde farklı denge anlayışları barındırdığını ve uzun dönem eğilimlerin yanı sıra kısa dönemde ortaya çıkan dengesizliklerin önemine işaret etmektedir. Bu zengin bakış açısı, günümüz iktisadında büyüme, sürdürülebilirlik ve politika müdahaleleri konusundaki tartışmaları beslemeye devam etmektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, klasik denge yaklaşımını modern kuramsal modellerle karşılaştırarak, tarihsel fikirlerin bugünkü iktisat politikalarına nasıl yön verdiğini daha derinlemesine inceleyebilir.
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