Journal of Applied And Theoretical Social Sciences

A The Invasion of Patriarchal Ghost into Different Woman Representations: An Analysis of the Film, Motherland

Hasan Sever — 2025-03-28

Introduction: This study attempts to read the phenomenon of gender through the film Motherland and examines three important figures of the patriarchal social order. The first of these is Halise as the carriers and implementers of the dominant ideology; the second is Emine, who is convinced of the illusion of male domination and cannot realize her feminine power; and the third is Nesrin, who tries to oppose all dominant patriarchal values. The aim of the study is to discuss the identities of women, which overlap in some places and completely separate in others, in a sociological context through three main characters.

Method: The film was analyzed in the context of women's intersectionality by reading the concepts of patriarchal bargaining, family institution and male domination through its three main characters. The scenes, symbols and dialogues in the film were addressed with a feminist analysis approach.

Results or Findings: The character of Anne Halise negotiates with the patriarchal ideology and shapes her relationship with her daughter Nesrin. Nesrin is in constant conflict with her mother as a character who opposes the values of the patriarchal ideology. Emine is represented as a figure who is made to feel absolute helplessness by the male power.

Discussion or Conclusion: The film Motherland gains importance in terms of understanding how the patriarchal ideology, which hovers around women like a ghost and organizes and disciplines everything according to its own norms, is reproduced through women.

From Adam Smith to John Stuart Mill: The Quest for Equilibrium in Classical Economics

İlkay Yılmaz — 2025-03-28

Introduction: This study examines how the concept of equilibrium evolved in Classical Economics, focusing on prominent thinkers from Adam Smith to John Stuart Mill. The research is important because it sheds light on how foundational economic ideas regarding competition, production, and distribution inform present-day theories and policies.

Method: This study was carried out based on a literature review and theoretical analysis; in addition to the works of the Classical Economists themselves, academic studies and commentaries related to their work and ideas were also utilized.

Results or Findings: The analysis shows that the confidence Smith and Say placed in market mechanisms is significantly constrained by the potential instabilities and the stationary state thesis highlighted by Malthus and Ricardo. Mill’s approach indicates that the economy’s long-term equilibrium is shaped by both income distribution and social norms, while in the short term, actions taken by market participants based on incorrect forecasts or incomplete information can result in disequilibrium.

Discussion or Conclusion: The results imply that Classical Economics presents a rich, nuanced view of equilibrium—one that balances the self-correcting nature of markets with critiques about demand, distribution, and long-run stagnation. These insights remain relevant for contemporary discussions on growth, sustainability, and policy interventions. Future research could compare the classical equilibrium framework with modern theoretical models to explore how historical perspectives continue to shape economic thought and policymaking.

Persistent Poverty and Employment Linkages in Türkiye: An Evalulation of the Natural Poverty Level

Buse Güldal — 2025-03-28

Introduction: This study investigates the relationship between poverty and employment in Türkiye by calculating employment elasticity and examining the changes observed in the available poverty data. Moreover, the phenomenon of "natural poverty" has been examined as a conceptual framework to assess the likelihood of poverty in Türkiye evolving into a self-sustaining condition.

Method: The study is primarily based on poverty, growth and employment linkages based on elasticity calculations.

Results or Findings: The study results indicate a positive relationship between economic growth and employment. However, the decrease in employment growth compared to the previous period has had an amplifying effect on persistent poverty. This change has also contributed to an increase in the rate of natural poverty.

Discussion or Conclusion: This study aims to contribute to the analysis of poverty and employment linkages by conceptualising the notion of natural poverty. The existence of a persistent poverty level is conceptualised by taking into account the employment linkages. Thus, the relationship between unemployment and poverty in Turkey is evaluated within the framework of persistence.

The Asymmetric Effects of Climate Change on Health Expenditures in Nigeria: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL Model

Nuhu Musa — 2025-03-28

Introduction: This study demonstrates the asymmetric impacts of climate change on Nigeria's health expenditures. Climate change has been acknowledged as one of the greatest environmental challenges facing the globe and posing serious threat to human health. The increasing prevalence of climate-sensitive diseases across the world today is largely as a result of environmental degradation. The climate shocks and the associated extreme weather conditions have imposed greater challenges on human health, leading to increase in government and household health expenditures.

Method: A time series analysis was conducted using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach in conjunction with Granger causality test over the period spanning from 1990 to 2023. We measure climate change using carbon emission (CO₂) and temperature anomalies. To ascertain the possible asymmetric effects of the variables, we decompose carbon emission (CO₂) and temperature anomaly into positive and negative partial sums.

Results or Findings: Findings show that positive temperature and CO₂ shocks significantly increase costs in both short and long terms, highlighting the urgency for climate action. Conversely, negative CO₂ shocks yield long-term health expenditure reductions, showcasing mitigation’s potential. The established unidirectional causality from CO₂ emissions to per-capita health spending strengthens the case for targeted emission reduction policies.

Discussion or Conclusion: The finding that a positive shock in temperature and CO₂ significantly increases health expenditures underscores the urgent need for climate mitigation strategies.