Maske, Mesafe ve Hijyen Tedbirleri Yeterli Miydi? İnsan Hakları Kentleri Bağlamında İstanbul Belediyeleri Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması
Özet
1997’de Arjantin’in Rosario kentinin yerel yöneticileri tarafından İnsan Hakları Kenti (İHK) olarak ilan edilmesinin ardından dünyanın farklı kentlerinin yöneticileri de bu akıma dahil oldu. İHK ilanı, evrensel insan hakları normlarının yerelleştirilmesi için yerel politikalardan faydalanılmasına yönelik bir taahhüttü. Bu taahhütle beraber yerel yöneticiler kentlerinde katılımcı mekanizmalar oluşturacaklarını ve kırılgan grupların bu mekanizmalara dahil edileceğini beyan ettiler. Bu uygulamaların sonuçlarını değerlendirmek için yapabilirlikler yaklaşımı kullanılabilir. Çünkü yapabilirlikler yaklaşımıyla bireyin kendi potansiyellerini gerçekleştirmesi önündeki engellere odaklanılır. Bu makalenin amacı, Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında İHK uygulamalarının bireyin özgürlükleri ve yapabilirlikleri bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir. Bu kapsamda Türkiye İHK Projesi’ne katılan Maltepe ve Zeytinburnu belediyelerinin uygulamaları, proje katılımcısı olmayan Büyükçekmece ve Üsküdar belediyelerinin uygulamalarıyla kent sakinlerinin yapabilirlikleri bağlamında karşılaştırıldı. Araştırmaya bu ilçelerden toplam 5.022 kişi katıldı. İHK Projesi’ne katılan belediyelerde kent sakinlerinin belediye desteği için diğer belediyelerdeki kent sakinlerine göre daha fazla başvuruda bulunduğu hipotezi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p=0.005) görüldü. Fakat belediye desteği alma, ayrımcılığa maruz kalma, belediye faaliyetlerinin bilinirliği, faaliyetlerin yeterliliği konularında proje katılımcısı olan ve olmayan belediyeler arasında anlamlı bir fark görülemedi.
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