Nükleer Caydırıcılık ve Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının Prospektif Bir Değerlendirmesi
Özet
İnsanların tarihte ilk olarak İkinci Dünya Savaşının sonlarına doğru Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tarafından Japonya’nın Hiroşima ve Nagazaki kentlerine yönelik saldırısıyla tanıştığı nükleer silahlar, özellikle 220,000 sivilin hayatını kaybettiği bu acı tecrübeyle birlikte bir caydırıcı güç unsuru olmuş ve bu silahlara sahip olan ülkelerin tarafından da günümüze kadar bu amaçla kullanılmıştır. Nükleer caydırıcılığın, özellikle 1945-1989 yılları arasını kapsayan ve dönemin iki büyük süper gücü olan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Sovyetler Birliği arasında yaşanan Soğuk Savaş döneminde bir caydırıcılık unsuru olarak en yoğun şekilde kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
2022 yılının Şubat ayında Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya yönelik başlattığı müdahale sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler ve Batılı ülkelerin Ukrayna’ya yönelik sağladığı geniş destek paketleriyle birlikte Rusya Federasyonu’nun devlet başkanı Vladimir Putin, nükleer silah kullanımının seçenekler arasında olduğunu belirtmiştir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle kavramsal çerçeve bağlamında nükleer silahlar, nükleer güç, nükleer strateji ve nükleer caydırıcılık gibi kavramlar ele alınacak; akabinde ise nükleer caydırıcılık bağlamında Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı üzerinden prospektif bir değerlendirme gerçekleştirilecektir.
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