Sosyal-Politik Muamma: Devlet
Özet
Devlet, farklı ekonomik sistemlerde çeşitli işlevlerle yükümlü çok görünümlü bir siyasi-yönetsel örgüttür. Bu nedenle, farklı sistemlerde farklı rolleri olan, kapitalist sistemde ise sermaye birikimine uygun polimorfik niteliğine sahip devlet için geçerli tek tanım yapılamaz. Kapitalist sistemle sınırlı olarak devlet iki temel işlevle yükümlüdür; sermaye birikimine katkı yapmak ve sistemi meşrulaştırmak. Devlet, kamusal işlevlerini yerine getirebilmek için kamu gelir sistemine ihtiyaç duyduğundan sermayeyi gözetmek ve ekonomiyi işler vaziyette tutmak zorundadır. Ancak sermaye birikimi süreci bazı guruplara “kamusal maliyet” yıkarak zarar oluşturur. Huzurlu bir toplum oluşumu ve politik güvenlik açılarından, sistemin meşrulaştırılması için devletin devreye girmesi ve sistemi meşrulaştırıcı bazı önlemleri alması gündeme gelir. Böylece, görece sağlıklı bir toplum için devlet kapitalizmin şiddetle ihtiyaç duyduğu iki çelişkili ve birbirini dışlayıcı kamusal işlevlerle yükümlü olur. Bundan dolayı devlet, farklı sistemlerde farklı işlevleri ve kapitalizmde de polimorfik niteliği ile bir çeşit sosyal-politik muamma gibidir.
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