Gençlerin NEET Statüsünde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Farklılıkları ve Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler: Türkiye İçin Ampirik Kanıtlar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37241/jatss.2026.146Anahtar Kelimeler:
NEET- gençlik- işgücü araştırması- bölgesel eşitsizlik- toplumsal cinsiyet- eğitimÖzet
Giriş: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de genç NEET (istihdamda olmayan, eğitimde veya öğretimde bulunmayan) düzeyini ölçmekte ve 2022’de toplumsal cinsiyet farkları ile bölgesel eşitsizliklere odaklanarak temel belirleyicileri incelemektedir. Amaç, insan sermayesi, hanehalkı kısıtları ve mekânsal koşulların NEET riskini nasıl şekillendirdiğini göstermektir.
Yöntem: 15–29 yaş grubuna ait ulusal temsiliyete sahip 2022 Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi (N=123.834) mikro verileri ikili logit modelleriyle, toplam örneklemde ve cinsiyete göre ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Açıklayıcı değişkenler yaş (ve karesi), eğitim, medeni durum, hanehalkı büyüklüğü, hanede 6 yaş altı çocuk varlığı ve Düzey-1 İBBS bölgeleridir; sonuçlar hane düzeyinde kümelenmiş standart hatalarla ortalama marjinal etkiler olarak raporlanmıştır.
Sonuçlar ya da Bulgular: NEET oranı toplamda %26,6 olup cinsiyet farkı büyüktür (kadın %36,5; erkek %16,8). Eğitim yükseldikçe NEET olasılığı belirgin biçimde azalır; ancak cinsiyet farkları eğitim düzeyleri boyunca sürer. Dezavantajlı bölgelerde NEET daha yüksektir. Evli olmak ve hanede küçük çocuk bulunması kadınlarda NEET olasılığıyla güçlü biçimde pozitif ilişkiliyken, erkeklerde ilişkiler daha zayıf ve çoğu zaman ters işaretlidir.
Tartışma ya da Yapılan Çıkarımlar: Türkiye’de genç NEET, bölgesel eşitsizlik, eğitim gradyanı ve kadınların hareketsizliğini artıran toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı hanehalkı kısıtlarının bileşimini yansıtır. Öncelikler erken okul terkini azaltmak, eğitimden işe geçişi güçlendirmek, çocuk bakımını genişletmek ve yüksek-NEET bölgelerde etkinleştirmeyi nitelikli ve kayıtlı istihdam yaratımıyla birlikte hedeflemektir. Gelecek çalışmalar, uzunlamasına veriler veya politika varyasyonu tasarımlarıyla programların nedensel etkilerini belirlemelidir.
İndirmeler
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